Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
6.1 The SISMOS Project
The SISMOS Project started in 2001 at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vul-
canologia (INGV) of Italy. It involves scanning, archiving and distribution of histor-
ical seismograms, bulletins and other related material from the Italian observatories
dating back to 1895 (Michelini et al. 2005). The scanned images of seismograms
are available online at 200 dpi resolution for viewing, and are also available at
600 or 1024 dpi resolution upon request. This library contains over 3 terabytes of
data volume currently, and growing. For more details, please visit their website at:
http://sismos.rm.ingv.it/.
In addition, software for digitizing scanned seismogram images has been devel-
oped by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) of Italy (Pintore
et al. 2005). It is called “Teseo” and is free available at: http://sismos.ingv.it/teseo/.
The SISMOS scanning laboratory is one of the Trans-National Access facilities
of the European Union's NERIES project. Under the NERIES project, funding is
available for visitors to have historical seismograms scanned and to learn how to
use the Teseo vectorization software.
6.2 The EuroSeismos Project
The EuroSeismos Project is being conducted by the Working Group on the History
of Seismometry of the European Seismological Commission. It has been supported
financially mainly by INGV and has relied on the SISMOS facility for scanning
paper seismograms. As of early 2007, more than 25,000 historical seismograms
recorded by observatories of 30 countries in the Europe-Mediterranean region are
available online. For more details, please visit their website at: http://storing.ingv.it/
es web/.
6.3 The Caltech Scanning Project
The Seismological Laboratory of California Institute of Technology (Caltech),
Pasadena, California, has scanned 12,223 pre-digital analog seismograms recorded
in Southern California between 1963 and 1992. Scanned images of paper records for
M
3.5 southern California earthquakes and several significant teleseisms are avail-
able for download at the Data Center of the Southern California Earthquake Center
through a search tool at: http://www.data.scec.org/research/scans/. Additional infor-
mation on this project is available online under the following headings: (1) List of
local M
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3.5 events (1963-1992), (2) File format and naming convention, and (3)
A primer on how to read drum seismograms.
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7 Some Sample Analog Seismograms
In this section, we present some sample seismograms that had been scanned to illus-
trate the progressive improvements of earthquake observations over the years. The
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