Supercells - Severe Convective Storms and Tornadoes: Observations and Dynamics - page 196

Figure 4.19. Three-dimensional conceptual model of the storm-relative airflow in a
cyclonically rotating, right-moving supercell, showing how the mid-level airstream (M) catches
up with the storm and descends behind the rear-flank gust front (''L'' refers to the low
airstream) (from Browning, 1964). Browning's early attempts to show that some storms do
not fit the Byers-Braham model were controversial. An early version of this conceptual model
was referred with skepticism as the ''pretzel diagram''.
Z DR ARC
Figure 4.20. Example of a differential reflectivity, Z DR , arc along the edge of the right-front
flank of a supercell's FFD, on May 8, 2003, in central Oklahoma, as depicted by the S-band,
KOUN Doppler radar, at 1.5 elevation angle. Contours of radar reflectivity factor are
overlaid at 30 (outer contour), 40, 45, and 50 dBZ (from Kumjian and Ryzhkov, 2008).