Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
geopositional conditions lead to pushing through of former peripheral areas along
the border with Germany. Tourism (
recreational industry
) represents for many of
them the main carrier of economic and social rehabilitation of an area (Petrovice
area).
7.3.1 Data Sources and Their Origins in Czechia
Each of the monitored periods ends with a time horizon. For this time horizon, there
are at disposal land-use data and census data of population and houses of respective
sample areas - 1845, 1948, 1990 and 2000. Evaluation of functional changes of the
landscape as a key factor for following changes of land use requires adequate data
and an adequate methodological basis. There is not too much data about long-term
changes of land use, especially for a period longer than a century. GIS subsequently
offers very strong support for data processing and further modification. The ability
to synthesize information about spatial phenomena with the help of integration of
georeferential data enables researchers to generate quite new information (Feranec
& Ot',ahel, 1992, 2000). Creating a geographical database, as described by Jensen
(2005), today constitutes one of the main research phases of different scientific
branches (not only of geoscience).
Detailed land-use data were first collected on the Czech territory more than 180
years ago as part of cadastral records (originally called
stabilní katastr - stable
cadaster
). In the early Nineteenth century, it was necessary to gather data that would
serve as a base for land tax calculation (which was at that time the main source of the
state budget). As a side effect, a precise triangulation network came into existence
and cadastral maps (scale 1:2.800) were created. These maps were later transformed
to the scale 1:2.000. The actual plot sizes were calculated from these cadastral maps
and all maps of smaller scales were derived from them (Mašek, 1948).
Preparatory work started in 1816. Taxation was based on plots and net income
from each plot has been calculated. One map (composed from a number of sheets)
with precise plot boundaries was drawn for each cadastral unit. Detailed mapping
was carried out between 1826 and 1843; it included almost 13.000 cadastral units
with more than 15 million plots in Bohemia, Moravia, and the Czech part of Silesia.
The images covered almost 50.000 map sheets. Finally, plot areas were calculated
and all plots were evaluated on the grounds of land use and land cover. The structure
of land by cadastral units was also recorded; altogether 52 land-use and land-
cover types were recognised. These records date back to 1845 and have survived
in archives.
There have been many changes in the cadastral records over the decades. Later
revisions brought new cadastral units and new land summaries into existence.
Simplified land-use data for more than 13.000 cadastral units were summarised
in 1948 by the Central Survey and Cadastral Archive in Prague. Data for 1990
and 2000 originate from the computer database of the Czech Land Survey Office
(Cadastral bureau).
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