Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.1 Common objectives for completing geological fi eldwork and cross references.
Overall objective
Main data to collect
Chapter references
Gain a general insight into
the geology of an area
Lithology, structural and age data from selected
representative exposures
5-10 inclusive
Construct the geological
history of an area
Relative age data and basic geological information on
each of the major units in the area and their
relationship to each other
5-10 inclusive
3
Produce a geological map
Lithology and structural information from as many
exposures as possible within the time and resources
available
10
Determine the sedimentary
depositional environment
Graphic logging of both sedimentary and
palaeontological features, sketches and facies analysis
5 and 6
Make a record of a period
of climate change
Graphic logging with particular emphasis on the
collection of data that are indicative of climatic
conditions; high-resolution relative dating of the
succession and collection of high-resolution samples
for proxy analysis (e.g. carbon isotopes)
5 and 6
Determine the sea-level
history over a period of
geological time
Graphic logging along a proximal to distal transect;
application of the principles of sequence stratigraphy
6
Biostratigraphy
Collect zonal signifi cant body fossils systematically
through the stratigraphy or samples for microfossil
analysis
5
Determine the level of an
extinction event
Record the fi nds and hence stratigraphic ranges of the
fossils
5
Determine the nature and
order of a series of
igneous events
Determine the overall mineralogy and rock fabric
including the presence/absence and composition of
phenocrysts, and size, shape and fabric of any
vesicles; examine the cross-cutting and chilling
relationships
7
Monitor the activity of an
active volcano
Seismic, gas emission, gravity, thermal and
observational data
7
Collect samples for
geochemical analysis in
order to understand Earth
processes
Position of the exposures where samples were
collected from and features of the rock body
6-9, 13
Locate mineral resources
Mapping and collection of samples for analysis
10, 13
Record the deformation
history of an area
Mapping, structural measurements, cross-sections and
stereonets
8, 10
Prediction and monitoring
of earthquakes
Mapping and geophysical measurements
10, 11
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