THE EU’S SECURITY IDENTITY - Climate Change and European Security - page 33

Policy challenge : To mitigate stresses on democracy by moving away from state-
centred approaches to security.
Expected outcome : The EU develops a more participatory system of security gov-
ernance and increases its e

orts to support democracy and human
rights around the world in ways more tightly linked to the
management of climate stress.
Policy challenge : To deal with unpredictability through more agile response
mechanisms at all levels.
Expected outcome : The EU pursues transparent multilateralism as a means of tem-
pering uncertainty.

A third option is a form of null hypothesis, namely that climate change will entice
EU foreign and security policies in neither one direction nor the other, but remain
largely imperceptible in its impact on policy outcomes. This chapter has also shown
how the EU

s broader security identity might lead us to expect more of a tilt
towards the liberal

'

cooperative framework. However, it also points out that this
security identity is still contested and evolving; it may not be

-

rmly enough rooted
for us to assume that the Union will naturally eschew rivalry and realpolitik. The
essential point is that more systematic and empirically rooted analysis is still

required much more speci cally of how governments are modifying their security

and geo-economic policies in response to climate concerns. We need to test
whether the EU cient to infuse its climate

security policies or if, in contrast, such an identity is compromised in the face of the
climate challenge. It is to such an examination of EU policies that we now turn.

' s traditional liberal - multilateralism is su

Notes
1 M. Telò, ' Introduction ' , in M. Telò (ed), The European Union and Global Governance ,
London, Routledge, 2009.
2 European Security Strategy, A Strong Europe in a Safer World , Brussels, European Union,
2003.
3 J. Habermas and J. Derrida, ' February 15, or what binds Europe together: A plea for a
common European foreign policy ' , Constellations , 10/3, 2003, 291 - 97.
4 K. Smith, European Union Foreign Policy in a Changing World , 2nd edition, Cambridge,
Polity, 2008; J. McCormick, The European Superpower , Basingstoke, Macmillan, 2007;
M. Tèlo, Europe: A Civilian Power? European Union, Global Governance, World Order ,
Basingstoke, Palgrave, 2007; S. Biscop and J. Andersson (eds), The EU and the European
Security Strategy: Forging a Global Europe , London, Routledge, 2008; I. Manners, ' The
normative ethics of the European Union ' , International A airs , 84/1, 2008, 45 - 60;
S. Lucarelli and I. Manners (eds), Values and Principles in European Union Foreign Policy ,
London, Routledge, 2006.
5 For overviews of the application to CFSP of these dierent theoretical schools,
T. Christiansen and B. Tonra (eds), Rethinking European Union Foreign Policy , Manchester,