Biodiversity in ecosystems - Fundamentals of the Physical Environment - page 538

Plate 22.1 Climax forest of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia) in the Pacific rain forest of Cathedral Grove, Vancover Island,
Canada. Species diversity is only moderate, as the fir excludes many other tree seedlings by shading.
Photo: Ken Atkinson

(a) Four species

Figure 22.1 Connectance in ecosystems: (a) four species in
the community; (b) six species in the community.

Maximum n (n - 1) = 6 Minimum (n - 1) = 3

2

(b) Six species

L

F

G G

Maximum n (n - 1) = 15
2

Minimum (n - 1) = 5

Figure 22.2 Three types of biodiversity in a landscape.