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Co-tidal line with
hour indicated
Amphidromic point
9
10
Inland point on which some
tidal systems converge
Average tidal range
at the coast
11
6m
9 8 7
6 5 4
4m
12
0
3
1
4m
2
4m
2
3
2m
1
4
7m
4.3m
5m
3m
0
5
11
5m
10
5m
9
6
8
7
10
8.3m
9
7m
8
3m
2.3m
7
10m
12.3m
5m 8m
6
5m
10m
5
8m
4.1m
5m
4m
11
10
9
7m
7
8
4
4m
6
6.8m
5
11m
7m
6.1m
Figure 11.17 Co-tidal lines, amphidromic points and tidal range around the British coast.
(a) Motion
Wave length
(b) Wave parameters
Wave
height,
H
Wave length, L
Crest
Mean water surface
Trough
Plate 11.3 A wave train entering Three Peaks Bay, G ^ r,
south Wales, showing refraction between the headlands and
along its flanks before shoaling (breaking), with spilling and
surging breakers.
Photo: Ken Addison
Figure 11.18 Wave (a) motion and (b) form in open water.
 
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