Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Appendix 7
Numerical data
Physical constants
6.673 × 10 11
m 3
kg 1
s 2
Gravitational constant, G
8.3145 J mol 1
C l
Gas constant, R
4 π × 10 7
kgmA 2
s 2
Permeability of free space (vacuum) µ 0
The Earth
Age of the Earth, T
4550 Ma
10 5
rad s 1
Angular velocity of the Earth
7.292
×
10 11
Mean distance to the Sun
1.5
×
km
29.77 km s 1
Av erage velocity around the Sun
10 4
Length of solar day
8.64
×
s
Length of year
3.1558
×
10 7
s
Equatorial radius, R eq
6378.14 km
Polar radius, R p
6356.75 km
Polar flattening, f
1/298.247
Radius of outer core
3480 km
Radius of inner core
1221 km
1.083 × 10 21
m 3
Volume of the Earth
approximately 10 19
m 3
Volume of crust
9.0 × 10 20
m 3
Volume of mantle
1.77 × 10 20
m 3
Volume of core
10 30
Mass of the Sun
1.99
×
kg
10 22
Mass of the Moon
7.35
×
kg
10 24
Mass of the Earth, M E
5.97
×
kg
10 21
Mass of the oceans
1.4
×
kg
10 22
Mass of the crust
2.8
×
kg
10 24
Mass of the mantle
4.00
×
kg
10 24
Mass of the core
1.94
×
kg
10 3
kg m 3
Mean density of the Earth
5.52
×
10 3
kg m 3
Mean density of the mantle
4.5
×
kg m 3
Mean density of the core
1.1
×
10 4
648
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