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(4) Defining an optimal location for a development well.
(5) Optimisation of field recovery.
They estimated the cost of the 4-D programme of around $15 million was less than the value of the
added reserves but were unable to quantify the main benefit of a more reliable reservoir model.
An interesting new area for 4-D seismic is its use in carbon sequestration projects. In these projects,
the idea is to capture carbon released from burning fossil fuels and store it in the subsurface in depleted
reservoirs or other possible traps. The key requirement is that the CO 2 stays in the ground and does
not leak back to the atmosphere. Many of the planned schemes include a seismic monitoring scheme
using time-lapse seismic as part of the assurance process.
References
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Geophysical Exploration Methods - 1 (ed. A. A. Fitch), pp. 1-68. Applied Science Publishers,
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node seismic survey. The Leading Edge , 26 , 494-503.
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streamer acquisition pilot project in the Gulf of Mexico. The Leading Edge , 26 , 460-8.
Eaton, B. A. (1975). The equation for geopressure prediction from well logs. SPE paper 5544.
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approach to better subsalt images. First Break , 25 (3), 63-8.
Keggin, J., Benson, M., Rietveld, W., Manning, T., Cook, P. & Page, C. (2007). Multi-azimuth 3D
provides robust improvements in Nile Delta seismic imaging. First Break , 25 (3), 47-53.
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seismic array. EAGE annual meeting extended abstract .
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increasing the value of multi-azimuth seismic. The Leading Edge , 26 , 510-20.
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applied in subsalt imaging of Mad Dog Field - a case study. The Leading Edge , 26 , 470-8.
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with towed streamer multi-azimuth processing and acquisition. First Break , 25 (3), 41-4.
 
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