Current Status of Time Series Analysis in Hydrological Sciences - Hydrologic Time Series Analysis: Theory and Practice - page 111

Singh et al. (2008) estimated seasonal and annual trends of change in
maximum temperature ( T max ), minimum temperature ( T min ), mean temperature
( T mean ), temperature range ( T range ), highest maximum temperature ( H max ), and
lowest minimum temperature ( L min ) in northwest and central India by applying
Mann-Kendall test. Monthly data of first four variables and annual data of last
two variables were used for 90- to 100-year period for 43 stations over nine
river basins. Of the nine river basins studied, seven showed a warming trend,
whereas two showed a cooling trend. The Narmada and Sabarmati river basins
experienced the maximum warming and cooling, respectively. The majority
of basins showed increasing trend in T range , H max and L min . Seasonal analysis
of different variables shows that the greatest changes in T max and T mean were
observed in the post-monsoon season, while T min experienced the greatest
change in the monsoon season. This analysis provides scenarios of temperature
changes which may be used for sensitivity analysis of water availability for
different basins, and accordingly in planning and implementation of adaptation
strategies.
Feng et al. (2011) applied parametric regression test and nonparametric
Mann-Kendall test to analyze trends in annual temperature of 16 hydrological
stations in Nenjiang River basin, Northeastern China. The mean annual
temperature data of 1956-2006 were used for the analysis. The results showed
significant increasing trends of annual and seasonal mean temperature versus
time. An overall increase of 2 o C in the temperature was observed over the
past 50 years.
6.2.3 Evapotranspiration
Zaninovic and Gajic-Capka (2000) analyzed the variations and trends in some
water balance components viz., soil water content, evaporation losses from
the surface and subsurface soil layers, transpiration, groundwater recharge
and runoff. These components were calculated by the Palmer method using
the 1900-1995 data from Osijek, Croatia. Besides the meteorological inputs
necessary for the water balance calculation (i.e., precipitation, temperature
and relative humidity), the pedological characteristics of this area was also
taken into account. Fluctuations have been considered by means of the 11-
year binomial filtered series and the linear trends were tested by means of the
Mann-Kendall rank test. A progressive analysis of the time series was also
performed to obtain further insights into the trends of water balance
components. The results suggested a significant increase in the potential
evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration, but a decrease in the runoff and
soil water content during the twentieth century.
Hobbins et al. (2001) analyzed the annual and seasonal trends in a monthly
time series of actual evapotranspiration using the Mann-Kendall test within
the context of the complementary relationship on a regional basis to establish
that regional trends can be determined to originate in either the energy budget
or the water budget, or both. The monthly time series of 27 years at a 5-km