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E
F region
V
e
2
V
e
2
V
e
2
V
e
2
Image
region
(a)
100
10
1
F region peak altitude 5 350 km
n
max F
10
5
cm
23
5
5
3
10
1
D
1 km
⊥
10
21
1
10
22
10
21
1.0
10.0
S
E
/
S
F
(b)
Figure 10.17
(a) Schematic diagram showing the redistribution of electrons along the
magnetic field during the image formation process as well as the ambipolar electric field.
The arrows in the image region also show the direction of the ion Pedersen velocity. (b)
Dependence of cross-field diffusion rate
D
⊥
and lifetime of 1 km scale irregularities
τ
1
km
on the ratio of E to F region Pedersen conductivities. The F-layer altitude and peak density
are fixed. [After Vickrey and Kelley (1982). Reproduced with permission of the American
Geophysical Union.]
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