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Ion drift velocities
Day 75044 Orbit 5516
Northern Hemisphere
12
60°
70°
80°
18
6
210
5
220
10
0 5
210
10
2
20
Convection
reversal
Convection
reversal
1km/sec
24
INV. LAT. vs MLT
(a)
20
10
0
210
2
20
230
ILAT
MLT
58.0
19:54
68.9
21:42
70.2
01:24
62.5
04:00
(b)
Figure 8.7 (a) A satellite flight across the high-latitude convection pattern provides drift
velocity profiles, which are shown along with the inferred convection pattern. (b) The
potential distribution resulting from this convective flow pattern shows maxima and
minima at the polar cap boundaries and a total potential difference of about 60 kV across
the polar cap. [After Heelis and Hanson (1980). Reproduced with permission of the
American Geophysical Union.]
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