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0.600
0.300
0.000
20.300
2
0.600
0.0
5.0
10.0
Path length (km)
15.0
20.0
10
23
10
25
10
27
0.1
1
10
Wave number (1/km)
100
Theta 5 80.00
Figure 4.20
One-dimensional cuts through a spread F simulation corresponding to a
rocket trajectory. The spectral units are reciprocal kilometers. [After Kelley et al. (1987).
Reproduced with permission of the American Geophysical Union.]
early barium cloud simulation work by McDonald et al. (1980), who solved a
similar set of equations with a different numerical scheme.
4.4.2 The Diffusive Subrange
The discussion thus far has concentrated on the seeding and generation of long-
and intermediate-wavelength flute mode irregularities in the F region. On the
other hand, the observational database is determined primarily by scatter from
short-wavelength waves—for example, the 3m waves detected at Jicamarca.
Figure 4.5b shows that 3m is well into the steep portion of the spectrum.
By analogy to neutral turbulence as discussed in Section 3.6, it is tempting
to consider the steep portion to be in a dissipative wave number range. The
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