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The sand used in this test was different from the previous wall. It was a sand
with a fines fraction of 7%. The sand was compacted in 50 cm lifts. The average
degree of compaction was 83%. The measured angle of friction was 32.8
8
.
However, based on the Japanese version of the papers, the authors used an angle
of 35
8
in design, yet in the comparison of test results as shown subsequently, they
used a value of 30
. The seismic coefficient used in the design was 1.5, but the
factors of safety were all larger than unity (pullout
8
¼
8.94, sliding
¼
1.75,
rupture of tie bars
1.87).
Similar to the previous wall, sweep vibration tests and step vibration tests
were conducted at different heights of the wall: 3 m, 4 m and 5m. The results of
¼
Figure 8
Results of sweep tests. (From Futaki et al., 2001.)
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