Performance and Analysis of Arifiye Overpass Reinforced Earth Walls During the 1999 Kocaeli (Turkey) Earthquake - Reinforced Soil Engineering: Advances in Research and Practice - page 449

Figure 12 Computed maximum reinforcement forces that developed along the strip
during shaking.
mechanically stabilized embankments (MSEs). Of particular significance was the
performance of two reinforced earth (RE) walls located at the site of the Arifiye
Bridge overpass. These walls, constructed of steel strips, concrete facing
elements, and compacted granular fill, performed well and suffered little damage
despite being subjected to ground shaking and large fault-rupture related ground
displacements nearby. Numerical analyses were performed to investigate the
factors contributing to this performance. Both the field documentation of the
walls as well as the numerical analyses provided important insight into RE wall
behavior under seismic loading.
The principal findings from the study are as follows:
1. The RE wall system at the Arifiye Bridge overpass is an important case
history that highlights the seismic performance of reinforced earth