Centrifuge Modeling of Seismic Performance of Reinforced Earth Structures - Reinforced Soil Engineering: Advances in Research and Practice - page 421

the reinforcement conditions (L, s) in the tests. All test results are given in
prototype scale in the following section.
3.2 Test Results and Discussions
3.2.1 Permanent Deformation of Reinforced Soil Wall
Observed deformations of the soil wall due to the four steps of shaking are shown
in Fig. 8. These deformations were obtained from the in-flight photographs taken
before and after shaking, as shown in Fig. 9 . In D20-150 with the shortest length
of geogrids, the failure mode was the circular type and the failure line was across
the geogrid reinforced zone at the lower portion of the wall. Except for D20-150,
although the magnitudes of displacement differed for different conditions,
deformation modes were of the two-part wedges type in all cases. That is
Figure 8 Observed deformation of reinforced earth wall.