Performance of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Wall and Reinforced Earth Wall Subject to Blast Loading: Experimental and Numerical Study - Reinforced Soil Engineering: Advances in Research and Practice - page 362

Figure 9 Condition of the RS wall after detonation event MD11-E3.
had enveloped the wall, a diffracted wave was developed at the back of the front
panels. Hence the pressure acting on the back of the front panels increased.
During detonation event MD11-E2, the front panels were already displaced
outward to some extent, and the connection joints were already weakened.
Furthermore the reinforced concrete panels might have been cracked during
detonation event MD11-E2. The magnitude of both incident and diffracted waves