Performance of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Wall and Reinforced Earth Wall Subject to Blast Loading: Experimental and Numerical Study - Reinforced Soil Engineering: Advances in Research and Practice - page 360

Figure 8 shows the conditions of RE wall after detonation events MD11-E1
and MD11-E2. Chipping off and spalling occurred at some areas of concrete
panel facings. There were also through holes and crack lines on the concrete
panel facings. The side panels of the RE wall bulged out with the maximum
deflection of approximately 12 cm at the mid-height of the wall. The first column
of side panels at both sides bulged out slightly while the rest of side panels remain
undisturbed.
Figure 8 Condition of the RS wall after detonation event MD11-E2.