Model Tests of Seismic Stability of Several Types of Soil Retaining Walls - Reinforced Soil Engineering: Advances in Research and Practice - page 328

Figure 16 Horizontal distribution of

tensile forces in reinforcement layers for

reinforced soil retaining wall type 1.

length of 20 cm (Fig. 16), the tensile forces increased rather linearly with
approaching the facing. On the other hand, for the type 3 RW with longer
reinforcements having an even length of 35 cm (Fig. 18) , the tensile forces
measured in a region apart from the facing did not increase largely, suggesting
that the frictional resistance between the reinforcement and the backfill was not
fully mobilized in this region. It should be noted that, for the type 3 RW, the data
measured in the middle-height

reinforcement near the facing showed a

remarkable increase at the shaking steps at a max ¼ 913 and 1119 gal. This

peculiar behavior may be due to an unexpected drifting that was possibly caused
by excessive bending at the location where the strain gauge was attached.
For type 2 RW having partly extended upper reinforcement layers (Fig. 17) ,
the tensile force in the lowest reinforcement having a length of 20 cm showed
similar behavior to that of the type 1 RW. On the other hand, tensile forces of the
uppermost and the middle-height reinforcements that were extended to a length