Practice and Research of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Walls in Australia - Reinforced Soil Engineering: Advances in Research and Practice - page 260

Figure 8 Fictitious GRS wall.

For simplicity, Young's modulus was maintained constant at 25MPa. FLAC is
well suited to modeling the effects of reduction in strength parameters. The
foundation soil (7m thick) was assigned constant strength parameters of f

¼ 30 8

and c 10 kPa, with Young's modulus increasing from 25MPa near foundation

level to 55MPa. Hence the foundation can offer significant restraint against
movement. The predicted changes in reinforcement tension and horizontal wall
deflection with time are presented in Fig. 9a and b. Both horizontal wall
deflection and reinforcement tension increased with a reduction in apparent
cohesion. This analysis illustrates that significant delayed wall movement could
occur when the select fill is a well-compacted fine-grain soil. This fictitious wall
analysis illustrates the possible development of delayed movement that may need
to be considered in the design.

¼

5.2 Multitier Modular Block Wall

Modular block walls may be constructed to a higher height using a stacked wall
arrangement. This type of GRS wall was used to support the end span of a major
bridge structure as shown in Fig. 10. The GRS wall consists of four tiers. Each
tier has a height in the range of 2.2 to 2.95m, and the setback distance between
tiers is 2.0m. A bridge sill beam sits on the top tier, thus giving a total wall height