Practice and Research of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Walls in Australia - Reinforced Soil Engineering: Advances in Research and Practice - page 256

Ds s 0 , is not explicitly modeled in Eq. (2) and hence its effect on the test

results leads to an increase in the f-value. The magnitude and effect of Ds are
most significant at low test pressure, which can then explain the increase in f with
a reduction in test pressure. The detailed analysis is contained in Lo (1998). The
constrained dilatancy hypothesis was also used by Milligan and Tei (1998) in
modeling the pullout resistance of a soil nail. It is pertinent to note that the soils
used in this testing program were from active construction sites. As such, the
findings are considered to be representative of Australian conditions and hence
have been incorporated in the design of Freyssisol walls for SRA projects.

¼ s n 2

4.2 Tied Back-to-Back Walls

Finite-element analyses have been used to develop and calibrate design rules for
innovative forms of GRS walls. A notable example of this approach is the
development work related to tied back-to-back GRS for the Dutton Park section
of the Dutton Park to Port of Brisbane Rail Link. This project includes 1650 m 2 of
reinforced soil walls for supporting an elevated section of the railway. About 80%

Figure 6 General arrangement of RSW.