Geotextile Reinforced Abutments on Soft Foundation - Reinforced Soil Engineering: Advances in Research and Practice - page 223

Figure 7 Horizontal displacements of the wall face in model tests on foundations with
different stiffness: (a) schematic view of the model tests; (b) normalized horizontal
displacement versus normalized elevation. (From Palmeira and Monte, 1997.)
The Subauma and Itariri reinforced structures and the highway surfaces
were not affected by any significant settlement of the foundation soil nor showed
any significant wall face horizontal displacements. This was certainly due to the
low height of these structures and to the use of piles along the reinforced mass
base and below the highway embankment.