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Figure 16
Continued.
8 FEM ANALYSES FOR NCKU WALLS AND EMBANKMENT
The volumetric water content (u) versus suction relation for undisturbed
samples from NCKU walls according to ASTM 3152 is shown in
Fig. 15a.
The permeability coefficients in the vertical direction (k
v
) versus suction
relation for NCKU wall based on the equations proposed by Green and
Corey (1971) is shown in Fig. 15b. In the present study, the in-plane
permeabilities of geosynthetic composite layers, geodrain layers, and geogrid
layers were simulated by thin layers of uniform sand, gravel, and fine sand,
respectively.
Equivalent permeability coefficients were used for the 50-mm-thick
elements including geosynthetics. Example of equivalent in-plane permeabilites
for geosynthetic composite, geodrain, and geogrid elements are shown in
Fig. 16a, b and c, respectively. The following analyses were performed (Jean,
1998) using an FEM program SEEP/W (SEEP/W, 1994).
1.
Infiltration tests using the trenches at the crest of NCKU walls (2nd-
4th infiltration tests)
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