Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 5 Connection Safety Factors for Geosynthetic Block Wall with Secondary Short
Layers for Problem Shown in Table 4
Elevation (m)
L (m)
Reinforcement
layer
Connection
break, Fs
Connection
pullout, Fs
Geosynthetic
break, Fs
0.20
5.50
Primary
1.54
1.71
1.56
0.60
5.50
Primary
1.62
1.71
1.64
1.00
5.50
Primary
1.71
1.70
1.73
1.40
5.50
Primary
1.81
1.69
1.83
1.80
5.50
Primary
1.92
1.68
1.94
2.20
5.50
Primary
2.05
1.67
2.07
2.60
5.50
Primary
2.19
1.66
2.22
3.00
5.50
Primary
2.36
1.65
2.38
3.40
5.50
Primary
2.55
1.64
2.58
3.80
5.50
Primary
2.78
1.62
2.81
4.20
5.50
Primary
3.05
1.60
3.08
4.60
5.50
Primary
3.38
1.58
3.41
5.00
5.50
Primary
3.79
1.55
3.83
5.40
5.50
Primary
4.31
1.51
4.36
5.80
5.50
Primary
6.54
1.91
5.05
6.00
1.00
Secondary
10.88
2.86
N/A
6.20
5.50
Primary
11.91
2.78
6.02
6.40
1.00
Secondary
13.17
2.69
N/A
6.60
5.50
Primary
14.71
2.58
7.43
6.80
1.00
Secondary
16.68
2.43
N/A
7.00
5.50
Primary
19.24
2.25
9.72
7.20
1.00
Secondary
22.74
1.99
N/A
7.40
5.50
Primary
27.79
1.62
17.73
7.60
5.50
Primary
25.66
0.75 (
,
1.50)
25.92
T ult ¼ 65 kN/m, RF d ¼ 1.1, RF id ¼ 1.1, RP c ¼ 2.0, CR u ¼ 0.9, CR s varies linearly between 0 and 0.9
as blocks confining pressure varies from 0 to 360 kPa; blocks are 20 cm high with average unit weight
of 24 kN/m 3 .
However, if there is sufficient data justifying use of smaller connection load, the
user can easily adjust the values in the programMSEW. Experience indicates that
for closely spaced reinforcement the actual connection loads are significantly
smaller than those specified by the default values.
It should be pointed out that connection strength may affect compound
stability as well (i.e., slip surfaces extending between the retained soil and the
facing). That is, weak connections may provide a “path of least resistance” for
failure surfaces potentially resulting in superficial failure (where the blocks and
some backfill just roll over) or compound failures where the slip surfaces extend
 
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