Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 3
Geosynthetic block wall: (a) layout corresponding to Table 4 (i.e., 40 cm
spacing and L
¼
5.5m); (b) secondary layers, 1m long, at 20-cm spacing in upper section
to improve pullout resistance at connection (see
Table 5
for details).
Table 4
Connection Safety Factors for Geosynthetic Block Wall with Half the Spacing
and Nearly Half the Geosynthetic Strength Used in
Table 3
Connection
force, to
(kN/m)
Elevation
(m)
L
(m)
Connection
break, Fs
Connection
pullout, Fs
Geosynthetic
break, Fs
CR
u
CR
s
0.20
5.50
17.2
0.90
0.45
1.54
1.71
1.56
0.60
5.50
16.4
0.90
0.43
1.62
1.71
1.64
1.00
5.50
15.5
0.90
0.41
1.71
1.70
1.73
1.40
5.50
14.7
0.90
0.38
1.81
1.69
1.83
1.80
5.50
13.8
0.90
0.36
1.92
1.68
1.94
2.20
5.50
13.0
0.90
0.33
2.05
1.67
2.07
2.60
5.50
12.1
0.90
0.31
2.19
1.66
2.22
3.00
5.50
11.3
0.90
0.29
2.36
1.65
2.38
3.40
5.50
10.4
0.90
0.26
2.55
1.64
2.58
3.80
5.50
9.6
0.90
0.24
2.78
1.62
2.81
4.20
5.50
8.7
0.90
0.21
3.05
1.60
3.08
4.60
5.50
7.9
0.90
0.19
3.38
1.58
3.41
5.00
5.50
7.0
0.90
0.17
3.79
1.55
3.83
5.40
5.50
6.2
0.90
0.14
4.31
1.51
4.36
5.80
5.50
5.3
0.90
0.12
5.00
1.46 (
,
1.50)
5.05
6.20
5.50
4.5
0.90
0.10
5.96
1.39 (
,
1.50)
6.02
6.60
5.50
3.6
0.90
0.07
7.36
1.29 (
,
1.50)
7.43
7.00
5.50
2.8
0.90
0.05
9.62
1.12 (
,
1.50)
9.72
7.40
5.50
1.5
0.90
0.02
17.55
1.02 (
,
1.50)
17.73
7.60
5.50
1.0
0.90
0.01
25.66
0.75 (
,
1.50)
25.92
T
ult
¼
65 kN/m, RF
d
¼
1.1, RF
id
¼
1.1, RP
c
¼
2.0, CR
u
¼
0.9, CR
s
varies linearly between 0 and 0.9
as blocks confining pressure varies from 0 to 360 kPa; blocks are 20 cm high with average unit weight
of 24 kN/m
3
.
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