Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
:
P
k
P
l
J
P
D
k
¼
ð
Þ
23
After these trophic events, individual resources (R
0
k
,R
0
k
) and predators
(P
0
k
,P
0
k
) from species k with abundance N
k
are selected according to asyn-
chronous mating. These events are described, respectively, as
ð
24
Þ
ð
25
Þ
where R and P are the offspring of the resource and predator species k,
respectively. Under the assumption of independence of trophic interactions
and mating success, we can write down a set of equations for each metacom-
munity. The individual-based food web with genetic-ecological drift and
asynchronous mating for the predator metacommunity can be written as
¼
J
P
N
k
J
P
N
k
J
P
Pr N
k
N
k
D
N
k
1
j
ð
1
n
f
Þ
þ n
m
1
1
ð
26
Þ
N
k
J
P
D
N
k
n
f
J
s
¼
þ
ð
1
Þ
ð
1
n
m
Þ
1
J
P
N
k
J
P
N
k
J
P
Pr N
k
N
k
D
N
k
i
j
¼
ð
n
f
J
s
¼
ð
i
1
Þ
Þ
þ n
m
1
1
ð
27
Þ
N
k
J
P
D
N
k
n
f
J
s
¼
þ
ð
i
Þ
ð
1
n
m
Þ
1
N
k
J
P
Pr N
k
þ
N
k
D
N
k
1
j
¼
ð
1
n
m
Þ
:
ð
28
Þ
1
In addition to genetic drift driven by mutations and the molecular threshold
that determines the production of viable offspring, this model contains
ecological drift driven by the symmetric competitive interactions at the
individual level and equal feeding rate among all the predator individuals.
In summary, the model generates the species abundances and the number of
prey or individual connectivities per predator for the resource-predator food
web by considering (1) individual deaths by pairwise trophic interactions,
(2) mating with a new genome for the offspring with variations because of
mutations and (3) speciation driven by genetic distance and assortative
