Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.3.
Dates of discovery of compounds of atmospheric importance
Former name,
alternate name,
or meaning
Chemical
formula
Year
discovered
Molecule
Mineral name
Discoverer
Calcium carbonate
CaCO
3
(s)
Calcite,
aragonite
Calcspar
BC
?
Sodium chloride
NaCl(s)
Halite
Rock salt,
common salt
BC
?
Potassium nitrate
KNO
3
(s)
Nitre
Saltpeter, nitrum
BC
?
Sulfurous acid
H
2
SO
3
(aq)
Oil of sulfur,
acidum volatile
BC
?
Sodium carbonate
Na
2
CO
3
(s)
Natrite
Nitrum, nator,
nitron, natrum,
soda ash,
washingsoda,
salt-cake,
calcined soda
BC
?
Calcium sulfate
dihydrate
CaSO
4
-
2H
2
O(s)
Gypsum
“plaster”
315 BC
Theophrastus (Greece)
Sulfuric acid
H
2
SO
4
(aq)
Oil of vitriol,
acidum fixum,
vitriolic acid,
spirit of alum,
spirit of vitriol
<
1264
de Beauvais (France)
Ammonium
chloride
NH
4
Cl(s)
Sal ammoniac
<
1400
Geber or later author
Molecular
hydrogen
H
2
(g)
Inflammable air
<
1520, 1766
Paracelsus
(Switzerland),
Cavendish (England)
Nitric acid
HNO
3
(aq)
Spirit of nitre
1585
Libavius (Germany)
Hydrochloric acid
HCl(aq)
Spirit of salt
1611
Libavius (Germany)
Sodium sulfate
Na
2
SO
4
(s)
Thenardite
Sal mirabile,
Glauber's salt
1625
Glauber (Germany)
Carbon dioxide
CO
2
(g)
Gas silvestre,
Fixed air
<
1648, 1756
Van Helmont (Belgium),
Black (Scotland)
Ammonia
NH
3
(g)
Gas pingue,
alkaline acid air
<
1648, 1756
Van Helmont (Belgium),
Black (Scotland)
Ammonium
nitrate
NH
4
NO
3
(s)
Nitrammite
Nitrum
flammans,
ammonia-nitre,
ammonia-
saltpeter
1648
Glauber (Germany)
Ammonium
sulfate
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
(s)
Mascagnite
Secret sal
ammoniac
<
1648
Glauber (Germany)
Calcium nitrate
Ca(NO
3
)
2
-
4H
2
O(s)
Nitrocalcite
Baldwin's
phosphorus
<
1669
Baldwin (Germany)
(
continued
)
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