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neutralizing agent, such as slaked lime. In the United
States, Canada, and western Europe, government inter-
vention in the form of regulations limiting the emissions
of acid deposition precursors has resulted in reductions
in the acidity of rainwater. Acid deposition problems
in eastern Europe are still severe but improving; those
in China have grown due to a large increase in coal
combustion.
10.4. Describe the two important conversion pathways
for S(IV) to S(VI). Which pathway is more important
when aerosol particles are present? Why?
10.5. What are the most important aqueous-phase oxi-
dants of S(IV)?
10.6. Why are nitric and hydrochloric acid depositions
less of a problem in most parts of the world than sulfuric
acid deposition?
10.7. How do neutralizing agents reduce the acidity of
alake?
10.9. Problems
10.1. Identify
the
atmospheric
acids
produced
by
10.8. Suppose rainwater containing the sulfate ion
enters a soil containing magnesium carbonate
[MgCO
3
(s)]. Would the magnesium carbonate act as a
neutralizing agent or enhance the acidity of the water?
Show the pertinent chemical process.
Leblanc's soda ash process.
10.2. In terms of acid deposition precursors, what were
the advantages of the Solvay versus the Leblanc soda
ash process?
10.9. Identify three products that you use or activities
that you do that result in the emission of acids into the
atmosphere.
10.3. Although Leblanc's process produced HCl(g),
which caused widespread acid deposition problems in
the early 1800s, HCl(g) was no longer the most dan-
gerous by-product of this process by the late 1800s.
Why?
10.10. Identify three ways that acids or acid precursors
can be controlled through legislative action.
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