International Regulation of Urban Smog Since the 1940s - Air Pollution and Global Warming: History, Science, and Solutions - page 177

Table 8.1. U.S. federal and California/Northeast states full-life (10 years/100,000-120,000 miles) emission
standards for passenger cars since 1968

THC(g) NMOG(g) CO(g) NO x (g) HCHO(g) Pb(s) PM

Year (g/mi) (g/mi) (g/mi) (g/mi) (g/mi) (g/gal) (g/mi)

Federal Prior to Tier I
1968-1970 3.2 - 33 - - - -

1971-1972 4.6 - 47 4.0 - - -

1972 3.4 - 39 - - - -

1973-1974 3.4 - 39 3.0 - - -

1975-1976 1.5 - 15 3.1 - - -

1977-1979 1.5 - 15 2.0 - 0.8 -

1980 0.41 - 7.0 2.0 - 0.5 -

1981 0.41 - 3.4 1.0 - 0.5 -

1982-1986 0.41 - 3.4 1.0 - 0.5 0.6

1987-1993 (Tier 0) 0.41 - 3.4 1.0 - 0.5 0.2

Federal Tier I Program (1994-2003)
1994-2003, gas

0.31 - 4.2 0.6 - 0.5 0.10

1994-2003, diesel 0.31 - 4.2 1.25 - 0.5 0.10

Federal Tier II Program (2004-Present)
2004-2008, Bin 10a - 0.156 4.2 0.6 0.018 0.0 0.08

2004 onward, Bin 8a - 0.125 4.2 0.20 0.018 0.0 0.02

2004 onward, Bin 5 0.09 4.2 0.07 0.018 0.0 0.01

2004 onward, Bin 3 - 0.055 2.1 0.03 0.011 0.0 0.01

2004 onward, Bin 1 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

California and Northeast LEV I Program (2001-2006)
LEV I, gas

- 0.09 4.2 0.3 0.018 0.0 -

LEV I, diesel - 0.09 4.2 0.3 0.018 0.0 0.08

ULEV I, gas - 0.055 2.1 0.3 0.011 0.0 -

ULEV I, diesel - 0.055 2.1 0.3 0.011 0.0 0.04

California and Northeast LEV II Program (2004-Present)
LEV II

- 0.09 4.2 0.07 0.018 0.0 0.01

ULEV II - 0.055 2.1 0.07 0.011 0.0 0.01

SULEV II - 0.01 1.0 0.02 0.004 0.0 0.01

PZEV - 0.01 1.0 0.02 0.004 0.0 0.01

ZEV - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Bin, category of emissions. Eleven bins are defined (four are shown here). Manufacturers can make vehicles fit into any bin as long as a
fleet average of Bin 5 emissions is met.
LEV I, California's first “low emission vehicle” program.
LEV II, replaced the LEV I program with tighter emission standards.
LEV, low emission vehicle. LEV I and II vehicles correspond to the overall LEV I or II programs, respectively. LEV II vehicle standards
correspond to Tier II, Bin 5, federal standards.
NMOG, nonmethane organic gas.
PZEV, partial zero emission vehicle. PZEV standards are similar to those for SULEV II, but must meet standards for 15 yr/150,000 mi,
plus have a fully sealed zero emission fuel system.
SULEV, super ultra low emission vehicle.
THC(g), total hydrocarbon in the gas phase (all hydrocarbons, including methane).
Tier I, U.S. EPA's first emission standard program after 1994.
Tier II, replaced the Tier I program with tighter emission standards, including limits of sulfur in fuel.
TLEV, transitional low emission vehicle.
ULEV, ultra low emission vehicle.
ZEV, zero emission vehicle.
Source: U.S. EPA (2007).