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Figure 9.2. Variation of obliquity over the past 400,000 years.
Figure 9.3. Variation of eccentricity over the past 400,000 years.
Solstices in the Southern Hemisphere are reversed. Solstices may occur anywhere
along the elliptical orbit of the Earth. The third parameter is the so-called
longitude of perihelion. The longitude of perihelion is the angle measured counter-
clockwise in Figure 9.1 from northern spring to the point on the Earth's orbit
where the minimum distance separating the Earth from the Sun occurs.
How these parameters varied over the past 400,000 years is shown in Figures
9.2 , 9.3 , and 9.4 .
The position of the longitude of perihelion varies with a 22,000-year period.
Over this 22,000-year period,
its position along the Earth's orbit varies fairly
 
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