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Figure 5.8. Comparison of ocean sediment data (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005) with Antarctica
EPICA Dome C data. Vertical scales represent the D isotope ratio at Antarctica and the O
isotope ratio in ocean sediments.
amplitude. Records were selected based on their length, completeness and resolu-
tion, and their age models were updated, where required
.'' It was concluded
that ''the main result of this work is the compiled datasets and maps of inter-
glacial strength which provide a target for modeling studies and for conceptual
understanding.''
...
5.6 HISTORICAL SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES
As we pointed out in Section 5.1, the oxygen isotope content of planktic
forminafera are sensitive to ocean temperatures and, since they dwell near the
surface, their remains may provide a proxy for sea surface temperature. Kipp
(1976) determined the current abundances of shells of various species in top-sedi-
ment core samples from throughout the Atlantic Ocean. Their maps showed that
the contours of abundance closely paralleled those of surface water temperature.
Kipp (1976) developed a mathematical relationship that related water temperature
to the abundance of various species. A group of marine geologists and geo-
chemists in a program named CLIMAP determined the relative abundances of
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