Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
State government has legal authorities for emergency response and recovery, and
serves as the point of contact between local and federal governments. In addition,
state governments may require that local jurisdictions develop and submit emer-
gency plans for state review and incorporation into the state plan. State govern-
ments also have the authority to activate National Guard resources in response to
emergencies and develop emergency mutual aid compacts (EMACs) with other
states.
To assist state and local governments in recovering from emergencies, the fed-
eral government has legal authorities, fiscal resources, research capabilities, techni-
cal information and services, and specialized personnel.
Although government agencies are responsible for protecting the public, they
need the help of private citizens in all facets of emergency management to be suc-
cessful. Nonprofit organizations, such as the American Red Cross, offer critical
resources in emergencies.
Private citizens can assist by reducing hazards in and around their communi-
ties, preparing disaster supply kits, and monitoring emergency communications
carefully. Citizens can also volunteer with established organizations and pursue
training in emergency preparedness and response.
Resources for an integrated emergency management system include both equip-
ment resources and personnel resources. Personnel resources include
◾
Elected and appointed officials
◾
Emergency program managers
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Emergency operations staff
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Police and fire departments
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Other local service providers, such as public works, transportation, and pub-
lic health
◾
Voluntary organizations (e.g., American Red Cross, Salvation Army)
An integrated and comprehensive emergency management system brings all of
these personnel resources together through the following:
Planning—Involving all of these key players in the planning process ensures
that all roles and responsibilities are clearly defined.
Direction—All parties must have direction clearly defined in the EOP to
reduce freelancing and ensure that all response activities are handled accord-
ing to established policies and procedures.
Coordination—Working together during the planning process develops rela-
tionships and promotes teamwork during a response.
Clearly defined roles and responsibilities—Developing and agreeing to roles
and responsibilities during the planning process reduces redundancy and
ensures the most efficient use of resources during an emergency.
