Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 11.3
Indicators of Possible Use of Chemical Agents
Stated Threat to Deploy a Nuclear or Radiological Device
Presence of Nuclear or Radiological Equipment
• Spent fuel canisters of nuclear transport vehicles
Nuclear Placards/Warning Materials along with Otherwise
Unexplained Casualties
and levels of radiation and may not be appropriate for measuring or ruling out the
presence of radiological hazards.
Table 11.3 lists some indicators of the possible uses of nuclear or radiological
agents.
The scenarios constituting an intentional nuclear/radiological emergency
include the following:
◾
Use of an improvised nuclear device includes any explosive device designed
to cause a nuclear yield. Depending on the type of trigger device used, either
uranium or plutonium isotopes can fuel these devices. Although “weapons-
grade” material increases the efficiency of a given device, material of less than
weapons grade can still be used.
◾
Use of radiological dispersal device (RDD) includes any explosive device
utilized to spread radioactive material upon detonation. Any improvised
explosive device (IED) could be using by placing it in close proximity to
radioactive material.
◾
Use of a simple RDD spreads radiological material without the use of an
explosive. Any nuclear material (including medical isotopes or waste) can be
used in this manner.
Conventional Explosives and Secondary Devices
The easiest to obtain and use of all weapons is still a conventional explosive device,
or improvised bomb, which may be used to cause massive local destruction or to
disperse a chemical, biological, or radiological agent. The components are readily
available, as are detailed instructions on constructing such a device.
IEDs are categorized as being explosive or incendiary, using high or low filler
explosive materials to explode and/or cause fires. Explosions and fires also can be
caused by projectiles and missiles, including aircraft used against high-profile tar-
gets, such as buildings, as was the case for the September 11 attacks.
Bombs are firebombs are cheap and easily constructed, involve low technology,
and are the terrorist weapon most likely to be encountered. Large, powerful devices
can be outfitted with timed or remotely triggered detonators and can be designed
