Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
% o
f
buildings
% o
f
buildings
35
35
a
b
30
30
25
25
Slight Damage
Moderate Damage
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
0
250
300
350
50
100
150
200
0
250
300
350
50
100
150
200
RC (EUR)/m²
RC (EUR)/m²
% o
f
buildings
% o
f
buildings
35
35
d
c
30
30
25
25
Complete Damage
Extensive Damage
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
350
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
RC (EUR)/m²
RC (EUR)/m²
Figure 8.2 Statistics of the repair costs per unit surface for the different damage grades for the
equivalent to damage grade 1 of the EMS-98 macroseismic scale (Grunthal
et al
.,
1998
)
; (b) moderate
damage (MD), equivalent to damage grade 2 of the EMS-98 macroseismic scale; (c) extensive damage
(ED), equivalent to damage grade 3 of the EMS-98 macroseismic scale; (d) complete damage (CD),
including damage grades 4 and 5 of the EMS-98 macroseismic scale. The cost information has been
converted from Belgian Francs (BEF) to Euros (EUR). At the epoch of the earthquake, the cost of
a two-floor unreinforced brick-masonry house with a ground surface area of 100 m
2
was around
1 million BEF or 25,000 EUR.
EMS-98 degree 1 and slight damage in HAZUS, degree 2 and moderate damage, degree
3 and extensive damage, and degrees 4 and 5 with complete damage.
showed that the repair costs begin to be important at the degree of damage D2 on the EMS-
98 macroseismic scale, which also corresponds to moderate damage on the HAZUS damage
scale (
Figure 8.2
)
. Therefore, this information should allow evaluation of the global repair
costs of an earthquake. Hence, in
Figure 8.3
we present maps reporting the percentage of
damage greater than or equal to moderate in each affected locality for the five earthquakes
for which we retrieved this detailed information, rather than the intensity.
