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10 3
Sandy Soil
10 1
10 -1
Clay Soil
10 -3
10 -5
-10 1 10 -7
-10 5
-10 3
Soil water pressure head h (cm)
Figure 4.19 Typical hydraulic conductivity curves for a sand and a clay soil.
Q top
z
d z
S
d y
y
Q bottom
Figure 4.20 Vertical water low through an elementary cubic soil volume, including
root water extraction S .
where S is the water extraction by roots (m 3 m -3 d -1 ). If we assume water density ρ to
be constant, and divide by ( ρ d x d y d z ), we arrive at the continuity equation of water
in variably saturated soil:
=−
θ
t
q
z
S
(4.21)
 
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