References - The Arctic Climate System - page 388

Srokosz, M., Baringer, M., Bryden, H. et al.
[2012]. Past, present, and future changes
in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
Circulation. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc .
93 , 1663-1676, doi: http://dx.doi.
org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00151.1 .
Stamnes, K.H., Tsay, S-C., Wiscombe, W.,
and Jayaweera, K. [1988]. Numerical
stable algorithm for discreet-ordinate
radiative transfer in multiple scattering
and emitting layered media. Appl. Opt .
27 , 2502-2509.
Steele, M. and Boyd, T. [1998]. Retreat
of the cold halocline layer in the
Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res . 103 ,
10419-10435.
Steele, M., Ermold, W., Hakkinen, S. et al.
[2001]. Adrift in the Beaufort Gyre: A
model comparison. Geophys. Res. Lett .
28 , 2935-2938.
Steele, M, Thomas, D., and Rothrock,
D. [1996]. A simple model study of
the Arctic Ocean freshwater balance,
1979-1985. J. Geophys. Res . 101 (C9),
20833-20848.
Steffen, K. [1985]. Warm water cells in
the North Water, northern Baffin Bay
during winter. J. Geophys. Res . 90 (5),
9129-9136.
Steffen, K. and Box, J.E. [2001]. Surface
climatology of the Greenland ice
sheet: Greenland Climate Network
1995-1999. J. Geophys. Res . 106 (D24),
33951-33964.
Steffen, K., Box, J.E., and Abdalati, W.
[1996]. Greenland Climate Network:
GC-Net. In: S.C. Colbeck (ed.), CRREL
96-27 Special Report on Glaciers, Ice
Sheets and Volcanoes (tribute to M.
Meier) . Hanover, NH: US Army, pp.
98-103.
Stern, H.L. and Moritz, R.E. [2002]. Sea ice
kinematics and surface properties from
RADARSAT synthetic aperature radar
during the SHEBA drift.

J. Geophys. Res. 107 (C10), 8028, DOI:
10.1029/2000JC000472.
Stigebrandt, A. [2000]. Oceanic freshwater
fluxes in the climate system. In:
E.L. Lewis, E.P. Jones, P. Lemke, T.
Prowse, and P. Wadhams (eds.), The
Freshwater Budget of the Arctic Ocean.
NATO Science Series 2. Environmental
Security - Vol. 70. Dordrecht, the
Netherlands: Kluwer Academic
Publishers, pp. 1-20.
Stone, R.S., Herber, A., Mazzola, M.
et al. [2010]. A three-dimensional
characterization of Arctic aerosols
from airborne sun photometer
observations: PAM-ARCMIP, April
2009. J. Geophs. Res . 115 , D13203, doi:
10.1029/2009JD013605.
Stoner, A.M.K., Hayoe, K., and
Wuebbles, D.J. [2009]. Assessing
general circulation model simulations
of atmospheric teleconection
patterns. J. Climate 22 , 4348-4372,
doi:10.1175/2009JCLI2577.1.
Stroeve, J., Holland, M.M., Meier, W.,
Scambos, T., and Serreze, M. [2007].
Arctic sea ice decline: Faster than
forecast. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34 , doi:
10.1029/2007GL029703.
Stroeve, J.C., Kattsov, V.K., Barrett, A.,
Serreze, M., Pavlova, T., Holland, M.,
and Meier, W.M. [2012]. Trends in Arctic
sea ice extent from CMIP5, CMIP3 and
observations. Geophys. Res. Lett . 39 ,
L16502, doi:10.1029/2012GL052676.
Stroeve, J.C., Maslanik, J., Serreze, M.C.,
Rigor, I., Meier, W.M., and Fowler,
C. [2011a]. Sea ice response to an
extreme negative phase of the Arctic
Oscillation during winter 2009/2010.
Geophys. Res. Lett. 38 , L02502,
doi:10.1029/2010GL045662.
Stroeve, J.C., Serreze, M.C., Holland,
M.M., Kay, J.E., Maslanik, J. and Barrett,
A.P. [2011b]. The Arctic's rapidly