Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
[1984]. El Chichon volcanic debris in an
Arctic tropopause fold.
Geophys. Res.
Lett.
11
, 421-424.
Shepherd, A., Ivins, E.R., Valentina, G.A.
et al. [2012]. A reconciled estimate of
ice-sheet mass balance.
Science
338
, doi:
10.1126/science.1228102.
Shiklomanov, I.A., Shiklomanov, A.I.,
Lammers, R.B., Peterson, B.J., and
Vorosmarty, C.J. [2000]. The dynamics
of river water inflow to the Arctic Ocean.
In: E.L. Lewis, E.P. Jones, P. Lemke,
T.D. Prowse, and P. Wadhams (eds.),
The
Freshwater Budget of the Arctic Ocean
.
NATO Science Series 2. Environmental
Security -
Vol. 70. Dordrecht, the
Netherlands: Kluwer Academic
Publishers, pp. 281-296.
Shimada, K., Kamoshida, T., Itoh,
M. et al. [2006]. Pacific inflow:
Influence on catastrophic reduction
of sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean.
Geophys. Res. Lett
.
33
, L08605,
doi:10.1029/2005GL025624.
Shindell, D. and Faluvegi, G. [2009].
Climate response to regional radiative
forcing during the twentieth century.
Nature Geoscience
2
, 294-300, doi:
10.1038/NGE0473.
Shine, K.P. [1984]. Parameterization of
shortwave flux over high albedo surfaces
as a function of cloud thickness and
surface albedo.
Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc.
110
, 747-764.
Shulski, M. and Wendler, G. [2007].
The
Climate of Alaska
. Fairbanks, AK:
University of Alaska Press.
Siegert, M.J. [2001].
Ice Sheets and Late
Quaternary Environmental Change
.
Chichester, England: John Wiley
and Sons.
Siegert, M.J., Dowdeswell, J.A., and
Melles, M. [1999]. Late Weichselian
glaciaiton of the Eurasian High Arctic.
Quatern. Res.
52
, 273-285.
Sigman, D.M., Hain, M.P., and Haug,
G.H. [2010]. The polar ocean and
glacial cycles in atmospheric CO2
concentration,
Nature
466
, doi: 10.1038/
nature09149.
Slater, A.G., Bohn, T.J., McCreight, J.L.,
Serreze, M.C., and Lettenmaier, D.P.
[2007]. A multimodel simulation of pan-
Arctic hydrology.
J. Geophys. Res
.
112
,
G04S45, doi:10.1029/2006JG00303.
Slater, A.G. and Lawrence, D.M. [2012].
Diagnosing present and future permafrost
in climate models.
J. Climate
26
, 5608-
5622, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00341.1.
Slater, A.G., Schlosser, C.A., Desborough,
C.E. et al. [2001]. The representation of
snow in land surface schemes; results
from PILPS 2(d).
J. Hydrometeorology
2
, 7-25.
Smith, E.H., Soule, F.M., and Mosby, O.
[1937].
The “Marion” and “General
Green” Expeditions to Davis Strait and
Labrador Sea, Under Direction of the
United States Coast Guard, 1928-1931-
1933-1934-1935: Part 2: Scientific
Results
. Washington, DC: Bulletin U.S.
Coast Guard.
Smith, S. D., Anderson, R.O., den Hartog,
G., Topham, D.R., and Perkin, R.G.
[1983]. An investigation of a polynya in
the Canadian Archipelago, 2, Structure
of turbulence and sensible heat flux.
J.
Geophys. Res.
88
(C5), 2900-2910.
Solomon, S. [1999]. Stratospheric ozone
depletion: A review of concept and
history.
Rev. Geophys
.
37
,
275-316.
Souchez, R. [1997]. The buildup of the ice
sheet in central Greenland.
J. Geophys.
Res.
102
(C12), 26317-26323.
Spielhagen, R.F., Werner, K., Sorensen,
S.A. et al. [2011]. Enhanced modern
heat transfer to the Arctic by warm
Atlantic water.
Science
331
, 450-453,
doi:10.1126/science.1197397.