Geoscience Reference
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(a) HTM Initiation
Age (cal ka)
No HTM
After 3.0
3.0-4.0
4.0-5.0
5.0-6.0
6.0-7.0
7.0-8.0
8.0-9.0
9.0-10.0
10.0-11.0
11.0-12.0
Before12.0
(b) HTM Te rmination
Figure 10.10. Onset (a) and termination (b) of the Holocene Thermal Maximum (ka,
calendar years) based on a variety of paleoclimate data (from Kaufman et al., 2004 , by
permission of Elsevier). (See plate section for color version.)
temperatures in the Greenland region dropped by more than 3 o C over a period of
twenty years. Cold conditions lasted about 150 years. There is evidence for hemi-
spheric-scale cooling and drying. Pointing again to amplifying climate feedbacks,
the event was associated with declines in both global carbon dioxide and methane
concentration.
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