Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 9.5.
The Torne-Kalix river system modeled under the PILPS 2e project and
location of observation stations (from Bowling et al.,
2003
, by permission of Elsevier).
yielding a larger sensitivity to downwelling longwave radiation when surface net
radiation is negative.
Figures 9.6
and
9.7
summarize some results from the model intercomparison.
Quite striking is the large scatter in predicted March snow water equivalent. Averaged
modeled snow water equivalent over the basin ranges from 119 to 268 mm. Models
with high latent heat flux and an average downward sensible heat flux (a heat source
for the surface) tend to have the lowest snow accumulation. Not surprisingly given
the scatter in snow water equivalent, mean annual runoff also differs substantially,
