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Figure 9.1. Variations of atmospheric downwelling longwave radiation at Barrow with
respect to (a) mean atmospheric temperature (surface to 10 km) and (b) precipitable
water (surface to 10 km) during the snowmelt period of 1980-1991. DLW is the
downwelling longwave radiation, T mean is the mean atmospheric temperature, and APW
is the mean precipitable water. Regression equations are also shown, where a and b in
the legend of each panel are the regression constants, r is the correlation coefficient,
and σ is the deviation of downwelling longwave radiation from the regression line.
The thin lines are the regression lines, and the dashed line is the estimated longwave
flux from the Parkinson and Washington ( 1979 ) empirical formula, based on the near-
surface temperature (using the same scale as for mean atmospheric temperature) (from
Zhang et al., 2001 , by permission of AMS).
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