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Figure 2.24 Volcanic crater at the summit
of Mt Sourabaya of Bristol Island, South
Sandwich Islands. Snow-covered peak in
the background is an older inactive
volcanic centre (Mt Darnley). (Credit:
Pete Bucktrout, BAS)
frequently present. Montagu Island, with no previous record of historical
eruptions, began a long-lived eruption in late 2001 and was still erupting in June
2005. There are some adjacent volcanically active submarine sea mounts with black
smokers erupting beneath the sea surface.
Ring of
re
Whilst Gondwana was undergoing a phased breakup, Paci
oor was
continually being subducted during the Mesozoic period beneath the Paci
c Ocean
c margin
of Gondwana, which was to become New Zealand, the Antarctic Peninsula and west
coast of South America. The subduction process, which may incidentally have
played its part in the breakup of Gondwana, resulted in sedimentary material being
scraped off the down-going slab and added on (accreted) to the western margin of
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