Managing the frozen commons - Antarctica: Global Science from a Frozen Continent - page 285

Table 10.1 Antarctic Treaty signatories

Consultative Parties Non-consultative Parties

Argentina Austria

Australia Belarus

Belgium Canada

Brazil Colombia

Bulgaria Cuba

Chile Czech Republic

China Denmark

Ecuador Estonia

Finland Greece

France Guatemala

Germany Hungary

India Korea (DPRK)

Italy Malaysia

Japan Monaco

Korea(ROK) Pakistan

Netherlands PapuaNew Guinea

New Zealand Portugal

Norway Romania

Peru Slovak Republic

Poland Switzerland

Russian Federation Turkey

South Africa Venezuela

Spain
Sweden
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay

Notes: Original 12 signatories in bold.

regulating human behaviour (e.g. minimum flying heights above penguin

colonies) and protecting various species. A multitude of fragmented regulations were
eventually brought together in the Protocol on Environmental Protection that was
signed in 1991. But before that was agreed there was high drama.