Managing the frozen commons - Antarctica: Global Science from a Frozen Continent - page 275

Figure 10.2 Grytviken Whaling Station on South Georgia. Established in 1904 and
abandoned in 1965 this photo shows it in its original state before buildings were removed
to make it safe. (Credit: Peter Bucktrout , BAS)

The sectorial claims and the problems between
the UK, Argentina and Chile

In the nineteenth century the strongest European nations had established colonies by
force in many parts of the world. They exerted control and applied their own laws and
regulations. Gradually exploration proceeded also into the inhospitable polar regions.
When it came to Antarctica, where there were no inhabitants, the accepted practice
for establishing a claim was to be the first to set foot on land, and take possession by

describing and mapping it. Naming was crucial first laid

eyes on the landscape. Annexation began with the expedition leader standing on
the land in question, solemnly claiming it in the name of his nation and erecting a sign
to mark the action. It was always

- this right fell to those who

,asonlymenledtheseexpeditions!
For the claim to be recognised internationally, the claimant nation had to
authorise the annexation, and there had to be no other nations protesting against it.
If there were formal protests, these had to be dealt with. This could occur through
negotiations or the use of force; sometimes protests were simply ignored.

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