Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 9.2
Properties of the known low-mass planets: super-Earths and mini-Neptunes.
Mass (M
E
)
Density (g/cm
3
)
Radius (R
E
)
Period (days)
Age (Gy)
Temp (K)
4.8
±
0.8
c
1.68
±
0.09
a
0.854
a
1.2-2.3
a
10
+
4
.
5
−
3.2
CoRoT-7b
1300-1800
6.9
±
1.5
d
1.58
±
0.10
b
8.0
±
1.2
e
5.7
±
2.5
f
2.5
±
1.5
g
7.42
±
1.21
h
4.56
+
1
.
17
−
1.26
8.9
+
3
.
2
−
2.9
Kepler-10b
i
1
.
416
0
.
033
−
0
.
036
0.837
>
9
1500-2150
7.87
±
0.65
j
2.08
+
0
.
16
−
0.17
j
0.74
j,k
∼
5
j,k
4.8
+
1
.
9
−
1.3
55 Cnc-e
1400-1950
8.63
±
0.35
k
2.00
±
0.14
k
6.55
±
0.98
m
2.678
±
0.13
m
1.58
m
3-10
m
1.9
+
0
.
6
−
0.5
GJ 1214b
400-550
2.27
±
0.08
n
Kepler-11b
l
4.3
+
2
.
3
−
2.0
3.1
+
0
.
33
−
0.18
1.97
±
0.19
10.3
8
±
2
650-950
13.5
+
4
.
8
−
2.4
+
2
.
0
−
Kepler-11c
l
3.15
±
0.3
13.03
8
±
2
600-900
6.1
1.4
Kepler-11d
l
6.1
+
3
.
1
−
1.7
0.83
+
0
.
85
−
0.37
3.43
±
0.32
22.7
8
±
2
500-750
8.4
+
2
.
5
−
0.50
+
0
.
38
−
Kepler-11e
l
4.52
±
0.43
32
8
±
2
450-650
1.9
0.21
2.3
+
2
.
2
−
1.2
0.71
+
1
.
2
−
0.45
Kepler-11f
l
2.61
±
0.25
46.7
8
±
2
400-600
Kepler-18b
o
4.8
+
3
.
5
−
2.7
6.9
±
3.4
2.00
±
0.10
3.5
10
±
2.3
900-1300
1.91
+
0
.
12
−
6.9
+
5
.
3
−
Kepler-20b
p
8.7
±
2.2
3.7
>
6
850-1200
0.21
2.6
References:
a
Leger
et al
. 2009,
b
Bruntt
et al
. 2010,
c
Queloz
et al
. 2009,
d
Hatzes
et al
. 2010,
e
Ferraz-Mello
et al
. 2011,
f
Boisse
et al
. 2011,
g
Pont
et al
. 2011,
h
Hatzes
et al
. 2011,
i
Batalha
et al
. 2010,
j
Demory
et al
. 2011,
k
Winn
et al
. 2011,
l
Lissauer
et al
. 2011,
m
Charbonneau
et al
. 2009,
n
Carter
et al
. 2011,
o
Cochran
et al
. 2011,
p
Gautier
et al
. 2012.
The temperature range is calculated by assuming the planet re-radiates from its entire surface with an albedo of 0 and 0.75. The error bars
for the density are calculated as
ρ
min
=
4
π
3
dM
(
R
+
dR
)
3
M
−
4
π
3
dM
(
R
−
dR
)
3
.
M
+
and
ρ
max
=
40000
HP-26b
500 K < T
eq
< 700 K
700 K < T
eq
< 900 K
900 K < T
eq
< 1100 K
1100 K < T
eq
< 1300 K
1300 K < T
eq
< 1500 K
1500 K < T
eq
< 1700 K
1700 K < T
eq
< 2200 K
K18-c
K11e
30000
HP-11b
GJ 436b
U
K11d
K4-b
N
K11c
20000
K20c
GJ 1214b
K11f
K18-b
55 Cnc-e
K20-b
K11-b
10000
C7-b
8000
K10-b
Fig. 9.3
Mass and Radius data for all transiting
exoplanets with masses below 10 M
E
color coded
according to the equilibrium temperature. Earth (E),
Uranus (U) and Neptune (N) are shown for reference.
Reproduced with permission of Elsevier. (See Color
Plate 7).
E
6000
5000
0.4
0.7
1
2
3
5
7
10
20
Mass [M
Earth
]
