Chemical Composition of the Earth’s Lower Mantle: Constraints from Elasticity - Physics and Chemistry of the Deep Earth - page 206

Lay, T. & Helmberger, D.V., 1983. A lower mantle
S-wave triplication and the velocity structure of D.''
Geophys J Roy Astron Soc , 75 , 799-837.
Lay, T, Williams, Q. & Garnero, E.J., 1998. The core-
mantle boundary layer and deep Earth dynamics,
Nature , 392 , 461-468.
Lay, T., Hernlund, J., Garnero, E.J. & Thorne, M.S., 2006.
A post-perovskite lens and D heat flux beneath the
central Pacific, Science , 314 , 1272-1276.
Li, B., Liebermann, R.C. & Weidner, D.J., 1998. Elastic
moduli of wadsleyite (b-Mg 2 SiO 4 ) to 7 gigapascals
and 873 K, Science , 281 , 675-677.
Li, B., Rigden, S.M. & Liebermann, R.C., 1996. Elasticity
of stishovite at high pressure, Phys Earth Planet Inter ,
96 , 113-127.
Li, B. & Zhang, J., 2005. Pressure and temperature depen-
dence of elastic wave velocity of MgSiO 3 perovskite
and the composition of the lower mantle, Phys Earth
Planet Inter , 11 , 143-154.
Li, L., Weidner, D.J., Brodholt, J., Alf e, D., David Price,
G., Caracas, R. & Wentzcovitch, R., 2006. Elastic-
ity of CaSiO3 perovskite at high pressure and high
temperature, Phys Earth Planet Inter , 155 , 249-259.
Liebermann, R.C. & Li, B., 1998. 15 Elasticity at high
pressures and temperatures. In R.J. Hemley (ed.),
Ultrahigh-pressure mineralogy: physics and chem-
istry of the Earth's deep interior , Reviews in Miner-
alogy, pp. 459-492.
Liu, L.-G., 1976. Orthorhombic perovskite phases ob-
served in olivine, pyroxene and garnet at high pres-
sures and temperatures, Phys Earth Planet Inter , 11 ,
289-298.
Loper, D.E. & Lay, T., 1995. The core-mantle boundary
region, J Geophys Res , 100 , 6397-6420.
Lubbers, R., Grunsteudel, H.F., Chumakov, A.I. & Wort-
mann, G., 2000. Density of phonon states in iron at
high pressure, Science , 287 , 1250-1253.
Lundin, S., Catalli, K., Santillan, J., Shim S.-H.,
Prakapenka, V.B., Kunz, M. & Meng, Y., 2008. Ef-
fect of Fe on the equation of state of mantle silicate
perovskite over 1 Mbar. Phys Earth Planet Inter 168 ,
97-102.
Mao, H.-K., Shu, J., Fei, Y., Hu, J. & Hemley, R.J., 1996.
The w ustite enigma, Phys Earth Planet Inter , 96 ,
135-145.
Mao, H.K., Hemley, R.J., Fei, Y., Chen, L.C., Jephcoat,
A.P., Wu, Y. & Bassett, W.A., 1991. Effetct of pressure,
temperature and composition on lattice parameters
and density of (Fe, Mg)SiO 3 -perovskite to 30 GPa, J
Geophys Res , 96 , 5265-5280.

Mao, H.K., Kao, C. & Hemley, R.J., 2001a. Inelastic X-
ray scattering at ultrahigh pressures, J Phys Condens
Matter , 13 , 7847-7858.
Mao, H.K., Wu, Y., Chen, L.C., Shu, J.F. & Jephcoat,
A.P., 1990. Static compression of iron to 300 GPa and
Fe0.8Ni0.2 alloy to 260 GPa: implications for com-
pression of the core, J Geophys Res , 95 , 21737-21742.
Mao, H.K., Wu, Y., Hemley, R.J., Chen, L.C., Shu, J.F. &
Finger, L.W., 1989. X-ray diffraction to 302 gigapas-
cals: high-pressure crystal structure of cesium iodide,
Science , 246 , 649-651.
Mao, H.K., Xu, J., Struzhkin, V.V., Shu, J., Hemley, R.J.,
Sturhahn, W., Hu, M.Y., Alp, E.E., Vocadlo, L., Alfe,
D., Price, G.D., Gillan, M.J., Schwoerer-Bohning, M.,
Hausermann, D., Eng, P., Shen, G., Giesfers, H., Lub-
bers, R. & Wortmann, G., 2001b. Phonon density of
states of iron up to 153 GPa, Science , 292 , 914-916.
Marquardt, H., Speziale, S., Reichmann, H.J., Frost, D.J.
& Schilling, F.R., 2009a. Single-crystal elasticity of
(Mg0.9Fe0.1)O to 81†GPa, Earth Planet Sci Lett , 287 ,
345-352.
Marquardt, H., Speziale, S., Reichmann, H.J., Frost, D.J.,
Schilling, F.R. & Garnero, E.J., 2009b. Elastic shear
anisotropy of ferropericlase in Earth's lower mantle,
Science , 324 , 224-226.
Matas, J., Bass, J., Ricard, Y., Mattern, E. & Bukowinski,
M.S.T., 2007. On the bulk composition of the lower
mantle: predictions and limitations from generalized
inversion of radial seismic profiles, Geophys J Intern ,
170 , 764-780.
Mattern, E., Matas, J., Ricard, Y. & Bass, J.D., 2005.
Lower mantle composition and temperature from
mineral physics and thermodynamic modeling, Geo-
phys J Intern , 160 (3), 973-990.
Mazin, I.I., Fei, Y., Downs, R. & Cohen, R.E., 1998.
Possible polytypism in FeO at high pressures, Amer
Mineral , 83 , 451-457.
McCammon, C.A. & Price, D.C., 1985. Mossbauer
spectra of FexO (x > 0.95), Phys Chem Mineral , 11 ,
250-254.
Merkel, S.b., Kubo, A., Miyagi, L., Speziale, S., Duffy,
T.S., Mao, H.-k. & Wenk, H.-R., 2006. Plastic Defor-
mation of MgGeO3 Post-perovskite at lower mantle
pressures, Science , 311 , 644-646.
Merkel, S.b., McNamara, A.K., Kubo, A., Speziale, S.,
Miyagi, L., Meng, Y., Duffy, T.S. & Wenk, H.-R., 2007.
Deformation of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 Post-Perovskite and D
Anisotropy, Science , 316 , 1729-1732.
Mitchell, B.J. & Helmberger, D.V., 1973. Shear veloci-
ties at the base of the mantle from observations of S
and ScS., J Geophys Res , 78 , 6009-6020.