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Figure 10.3.
Landslides blocking the rivers after the Wenchuan earthquake (2008)
10.2.12.
Dynamicperformanceofphysicalmodels
Physical models also provide information on modes of failure [MAS 03]. Thus,
the vibrating table tests of an 80 cm dam with slope H/V = 1.5/1.0 in Toyoura sand
with 5% moisture content and 50% relative density indicate the different phases
until the collapse obtained at PGA = 0.6 g:
− longitudinal cracks, at the crest only if the shakes are horizontal and on the
slopes if the vertical component is strong. The majority of cracks are produced by
tension;
− onset of transverse cracks due to the extent of cracks;
− occurrence of landslides.
10.2.13.
Assessmentofseismicdamageondams
Even if earthquakes are still very destructive, to the point of causing thousands
of human casualties per year, it is spectacular to note that no casualties have been
caused by the failure of a large dam built in accordance with modern design
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