Numerical Modeling: An Efficient Tool for Analyzing the Behavior of Constructions - Multiscale Geomechanics: From Soil to Engineering Projects - page 277

282 Multiscale Geomechanics

G max

Type of soil Reference Test

Clays

Silty (Portugal)
I p = [40 − 42%]
e =[1.32 − 2.0] 52 p a (5−e) 2

1+e ( σ 0 p a ) 0.5

[SAN 99] RC

σ 0 = [20 − 200] kPa
NC alluvials (Japan)
I p = [38 − 103%]
e =[1.8−3.5] 90 p a (7.32−e) 2

1+e

σ 0

(

p a ) 0.6

[KOK 82] CT

σ 0 = [20 − 1,000] kPa
Clay and silty sand (Greece)
I p =[5−66%]
e =[0.36 − 1.36]

262 p a e −1.505 ( σ 0

p a ) 0.623

[KAL 99] RC

σ 0 = [50 − 400] kPa
Clay OCR < 3 (Mexico)
I p = [91 − 237%]
e =[4.0−9.37] 122 p a ( σ 0

p a ) 0.82 ( I P −I c ) (I P −I c ) [ROM 95] RC

1

σ 0 = [100 − 350] kPa
Hard clays (Greece)
e =[0.4−1.10]

( σ 0

80 p a (3.78−e) 2
1+e

p a ) 0.49

[ANA 96] RC

σ 0 = [20 − 200] kPa
Soft clays (Greece)
e =[0.6−1.5]

(0.3+0.7e) 2 ( σ 0

1

p a ) 0.88

70 p a [ANA 96] RC

σ 0 = [20 − 200] kPa
p a = atmospheric pressure, G max in the same unit as p a

Table 9.4. Empirical relations for estimation of G max of natural soils [LOP 03a]
Key: RC: Resonant column;
CTS: Cyclic torsion test;
CT: Cyclic triaxial test

Compressibility index Swelling index Reference
(a) C c =0.009(w L − 10) C s = C c /4

[TER 67]

(b) C c =0.009(w L − 13) C s = C c /4 [BIA 72]

(c) C c = I p /74 C s = I p /370 [WRO 78]

Table 9.5. Compressibility index, Swelling index and reference