Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 6.1
Observing systems in use on the ground, at sea, in the atmosphere, and from space for
monitoring and researching the climate system (WMO
2011
)
assessments and early warning information on the impacts of natural hazards and
human actions on the Earth system. Time-sequenced satellite images help to deter-
mine these impacts and provide scientifi c evidence of substantial changes to the
Earth's environment and natural resource base (i.e., ecosystems changes, urban
growth, trans boundary pollutants, loss of wetlands, etc.).
6.3
Overview of EWS for Rapid/Sudden-Onset Hazards
This section provides an overview of the EWS and monitoring systems that are
known to exist for rapid/sudden-onset hazards. The subsections are organized by
sub hazard type.
6.3.1
Oil Spills
Systems for oil-spill detection currently exist in several parts of the globe. For exam-
ple, in Europe, the use of satellites for oil-spill detection is well established and well
integrated within the national and regional oil pollution surveillance and response
systems. Many countries in Northern Europe currently use the Kongsberg Satellite
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