Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1
Overview of recent studies assessing the global glacier mass budget
Mass budget Gt a
-1
(mm SLE year
-1
)
Area km
2
Period
Method
Reference
All glaciers
Excl. A ? G
1961-2004
-182 ± 78 (0.50 ± 0.22)
-155 ± 67 (0.43 ± 0.19)
Glaciological
785,000
546,000
Kaser et al.(
2006
)
2006
-402 ± 95 (1.11 ± 0.26)
Glaciological
763,000
Meier et al. (
2007
)
1961-2004
(0.79 ± 0.34)
(0.51 ± 0.29)
Modeling
704,000
518,000
Hock et al. (
2009
)
2001-2005
-740 ± 62 (1.12 ± 0.14)
Glaciological and geodetic
Cogley(
2009a
,
b
)
1961-2004
-153 (0.42)
Modeling
535,000
Hirabayashi et al. (
2010
)
(1.07 ± 0.05)
a
590,900
a
1902-2009
Modeling
Marzeion et al. (
2012
)
(0.45 ± 0.02)
b
1948-2005
Modeling
517,000
Hirabayashi et al. (
2013
)
-247 ± 190
c
734,430
c
1971-2010
(0.68 ± 0.53)
Modeling based on AAR observations
Mernild et al. (
2013
)
10/2003-10/2009
-170 ± 32 (0.47 ± 0.09)
GRACE (method by Jacob et al.
2012
)
734,430
511,800
Gardner et al. (
2013
)
10/2003-10/2009
-166 ± 37 (0.46 ± 0.10)
GRACE (method by Wouters et al.
2008
)
734,430
511,800
Gardner et al. (
2013
)
10/2003-10/2009
-495 ± 78 (1.37 ± 0.22)
-335 ± 124 (0.92 ± 0.34)
Glaciological (method by Cogley
2009a
,
b
)
734,430
511,800
Gardner et al. (
2013
)
10/2003-10/2009
-259 ± 28 (0.71 ? -0.08)
-215 ± 26 (0.59 ± 0.07)
Combination of GRACE, ICESat, glaciological
734,430
511,800
Gardner et al. (
2013
)
Numbers in italic refer to those excluding the glaciers in the Antarctic (A) and Greenland (G) periphery
a
Here calculated as the average rate over the period with total glacier mass loss of 114±5 mm SLE (Marzeion et al.
2012
). Total area of 590,900 km
2
(excluding glaciers
peripheral to Antarctic ice sheet) is the modeled area at 2009
b
Here calculated as the average rate over the period with total mass loss of 25.9±1.4 mm SLE (Hirabayashi et al.
2013
)
c
Here calculated from the average global mass balance of -336±260 kg m
-2
year
-1
(Mernild et al.
2013
), using glacierized area of 734,430 km
2
(Gardner et al.
2013
) and
ocean surface area of 362910
6
km
2