Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Variable
In situ
Remote sensing
Product
Status
Streamflow
Streamflow gages, field
observation, global
runoff data centre
Laser, radar altimeter, InSAR systems
River runoff
Experimental
Water quality
In stream sampling
Buoys
MERIS, MODIS, SeaWIFS, Landsat
Ocean Colour, water quality
indicators
Semi-operational coastal water quality
assessments
Snow
Snow pillow networks,
snow surveys
Geostationary environmental satellites, polar-
orbiting meteorological satellites ATSR-2/
ATSR, MERIS, MODIS, SSM/I, AMSR,
NPOESS
Snow cover and snow water
equivalent water storage from
optical and passive microwave
observations
Experimental
Permafrost
Temperature- and
moisture probes
Only indirect, complementarity through SAR
interferogrammes together with high
precision digital elevation models (DEMs)
and Thermal InfraRed (TIR) observations
Differential Interfergrammes,
TIR maps
Experimental, terrain movement observations
over time
Sources CEOS handbook (
2013
); Doubkov´ et al. (
2011
); Van Dijk and Renzullo (
2011
)
